This week, we give way to a question that business owners might have at the back of their minds, yet is not asked articulately enough.
Q: What factors do you take into consideration when you value a business? What is the difference between an “economic value” and “market value” when valuing a business?
A number of steps are critical when valuing a business. First, you need to “recast” your financials. If you are like most middle-market business owners you use a variety of means by which to suppress profits (and pay less in taxes) and maximize your personal returns. Although this practice is more typical than not, it does have the effect of reducing profits as illustrated by the company’s books.
Recasting allows your financials to be “restated” so that buyers will see the true profitability of your company. Obviously this is critical. Assuming that your books show your company making $500K in pretax profits but you have $300K in re-castable items, suddenly your true pretax operating profits are $800K. This is vital to show buyers. Keep in mind that recasting takes experience and knowledge. If you don’t have any experience in recasting financials, hiring an experienced M&A advisory firm may be critical to this important step.
Once your books have been recast, it is vital to create projected pro forma revenue and earnings growth that is realistic, achievable, and defensible. Buyers will closely scrutinize historic revenue growth and margins. If you are showing dramatic improvements in either area over your five year projections, you will need to explain them. Getting this part right is critical. Too many deals fall apart at the 11th hour because of faulty or erroneous documentation. Here too, having the services of an experienced M&A firm will help dramatically improve your ability to explain the past and sell the future of your company’s performance.
The topic of “economic value” vs. “market value” is critical in the evaluation process as well. Simply put, an evaluation looks at the recast financials and places a “value” to buyers based purely on the “economics” of the company. In other words, the value placed on your company during the evaluation phase is the base-line value or “economic value”. It does not assume who the buyer may ultimately be (how could it?). Therefore it does not factor in synergies that some buyers may pay a premium for above and beyond the “economic value” of your company.
The “market” value of any company is literally determined by the market. Because of this, when you do take your company to market, never mention your “economic value” to any buyers. Let them tell you what the company is worth because they will factor in synergies that are impossible to capture in the “economic” valuation. Some synergies could be your competitive advantages, your employees, your location, or your customer list. These are just a few. There are more and they vary from company to company.
In summary, if you are going to take your company to market be sure to recast your financials to reflect its true profitability. Be sure to develop defensible pro forma projections. And be sure to clearly know the difference between your “economic value” and your “market value”. Ultimately, the best way to ensure that this very complex process is done right is to obtain the services of an experienced M&A advisory firm. You can do all of this on your own. But we recommend that if you want it done right, hire an expert!